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+====== Windows common directory and app path ======
+System configure tool and file
+  * system property and variable settings (virtual ram, paging file) <code>SystemPropertiesAdvanced</code>
+  * user system property <code>rundll32 sysdm.cpl,EditEnvironmentVariables</code>
+  * hosts file <code>\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts</code>
+  * disk manager <code>diskmgmt.msc</code>
+  * start up list<code>%userprofile%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup</code>
+  * Boot and start-up list <code>msconfig</code>
+  * control panels (path) <code>
+# uninstall program
+Control Panel\All Control Panel Items\Programs and Features
+# pen and touch for windows
+Control Panel\All Control Panel Items\Pen and Touch
+# tablet settings for windows
+Control Panel\All Control Panel Items\Tablet PC Settings
+# network location
+Control Panel\Network and Internet\Network Connections
+# network connection
+Control Panel\All Control Panel Items\Network and Sharing Center
+</code>
+System app
+====== Mac OS X common directory and app path ======
+System configure tool and file
+  * system property and variable settings
+  * hosts file <code>\etc\hosts</code>
+  * disk manager <code>open -a /Applications/Utilities/Disk\ Utility.app</code>
+  * activity monitor <code>open -a Activity\ Monitor</code>
+  * script editor <code>open -a script\ editor</code>
+  * caculator <code>open -a calculator</code>
+  * control panels <code>open -a system\ preferences</code>
+**Startup directory**
+   * <code bash>/Library/StartupItems
+/System/Library/StartupItems
+# structure demo
+# MyStartupItem/
+#    MyStartupItem
+#    StartupParameters.plist
+# ref: http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Articles/StartupItems.html
+# example
+sudo vi myStartRun/myStartRun
+sudo vi myStartRun/StartupParameters.plist
+# optional: sudo vi myStartRun/Resources/English.lproj
+sudo chown -R root myStartRun/
+sudo chgrp -R wheel myStartRun/
+sudo chmod 755 myStartRun/myStartRun
+# the plist template
+</code> <code xml>
+<?xml version=”1.0? encoding=”UTF-8??>
+<!DOCTYPE plist SYSTEM “file://localhost/System/Library/DTDs/PropertyList.dtd”>
+<plist version=”0.9?>
+<dict>
+<key>Description</key>
+<string>__MyScriptName__</string>
+<key>OrderPreference</key>
+<string>Late</string>
+<key>Provides</key>
+<array>
+<string>whatever</string>
+</array>
+<key>Uses</key>
+<array>
+<string>SystemLog</string>
+</array>
+</dict>
+</plist>
+</code>
+ref:http://www.kharysharpe.com/2011/04/automatically-starting-xampp-on-mac-osx-boot-up/
+**Startup script (not working after Tiger OSX)**
+   * <code bash>/var/root/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow
+sudo defaults write com.apple.loginwindow LoginHook /path/to/script
+sudo defaults write com.apple.loginwindow LogoutHook /path/to/script
+</code>
+ref: http://hintsforums.macworld.com/showthread.php?t=39095
+====== Linux common directory and app path ======
+  * start-up directory with different admin level<code>/etc/rc.d
+/etc/rc0.d /etc/rc1.d /etc/rc2.d /etc/rc3.d /etc/rc4.d /etc/rc5.d /etc/rc6.d</code>
+  * start-up directory <code bash>/etc/init.d/</code>
+    * initialize rc <code bash>/etc/init.d/rc</code>
+  * start-up script: put your cmd here to run at start-up<code bash>/etc/rc.local</code>
+ref: http://luv.asn.au/overheads/linux-startup.html
+^  Run Level  ^  Generic  ^   Fedora Core   ^
+|0|Halt|Halt|
+|1|Single-user mode|Single-user mode|
+|2|Basic multi-user mode (without networking)|User definable (Unused)|
+|3|Full (text based) multi-user mode|
+|4|Not used|Not used|
+|5|Full (GUI based) multi-user mode|Full multi-user mode (with an X-based login screen) - default runlevel|
+|6|Reboot|Reboot|
+  * run that level <code bash>init 6</code>
+  * runlevel config <code bash>/etc/inittab</code>
+  * task manager <code bash>ps aux
+top
+ps -A
+# ref: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/show-all-running-processes-in-linux/
+</code>
+====== Ref Table ======
+^ Variable ^ Windows XP ^ Windows Vista/7 ^ Mac OS X ^ Linux ^
+| %ALLUSERSPROFILE% (%PROGRAMDATA%) | C:\Documents and Settings\All Users | C:\ProgramData | ? | ? |
+| %APPDATA% | C:\Documents and Settings\{username}\Application Data | C:\Users\{username}\AppData\Roaming | ? | ? |
+| %COMPUTERNAME% | {computername} | {computername} | ? | ? |
+| %COMMONPROGRAMFILES% | C:\Program Files\Common Files | C:\Program Files\Common Files | ? | ? |
+| %COMMONPROGRAMFILES(x86)% | C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files | C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files | ? | ? |
+| %COMSPEC% | C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe | C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe | ? | ? |
+| %HOMEDRIVE% | C: | C: | ? | ? |
+| %HOMEPATH% | \Documents and Settings\{username} | \Users\{username} | ? | ? |
+| %LOCALAPPDATA% | [NOT AVAILABLE] | C:\Users\{username}\AppData\Local | ? | ? |
+| %LOGONSERVER% | \\{domain_logon_server} | \\{domain_logon_server} | ? | ? |
+| %PATH% | C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;{plus program paths} | C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;{plus program paths} | ? | ? |
+| %PATHEXT% | .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.WSF;.WSH | .com;.exe;.bat;.cmd;.vbs;.vbe;.js;.jse;.wsf;.wsh;.msc | ? | ? |
+| %PROGRAMFILES% | C:\Program Files | C:\Program Files | ? | ? |
+| %PROGRAMFILES(X86)% | C:\Program Files (x86) (only in 64-bit version) | C:\Program Files (x86) (only in 64-bit version) | ? | ? |
+| %PROMPT% | Code for current command prompt format. Code is usually $P$G | Code for current command prompt format. Code is usually $P$G | ? | ? |
+| %SystemDrive% | C: | C: | ? | ? |
+| %SystemRoot% | The Windows directory, usually C:\Windows, formerly C:\WINNT | C:\Windows | ? | ? |
+| %TEMP% and%TMP% | C:\Documents and Settings\{username}\Local Settings\Temp | C:\Users\{username}\AppData\Local\Temp | ? | ? |
+| %USERDOMAIN% | {userdomain} | {userdomain} | ? | ? |
+| %USERNAME% | {username} | {username} | ? | ? |
+| %USERPROFILE% | C:\Documents and Settings\{username} | C:\Users\{username} | ? | ? |
+| %WINDIR% | C:\Windows | C:\Windows | ? | ? |
+| %PUBLIC% | C:\Users\Public | ? | ? |
+| %PROGRAMDATA% | Only available in Windows Vista and newer versions | C:\ProgramData | ? | ? |
+| %PSModulePath% | %SystemRoot%\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules\ | ? | ? |
+| hosts | %systemroot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts | %systemroot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts | /etc/hosts | /etc/hosts |