techwiki:linux

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—techwiki:linux [2021/08/28 09:10] (current) – [Linux install] ying
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 +  * [[https://www.hiroom2.com/|hiroom2's linux start guide for each os]]
 +
 +====== Linux install ======
 +Unix and Linux distributions: 
 +^ Popular | [[http://www.ubuntu.com/|Ubuntu]] | [[http://fedoraproject.org/|Fedora]] | [[http://www.opensuse.org/|OpenSuse]] | [[http://www.debian.org/|Debian]] | [[http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/|DamnSmallLinux]] | [[https://access.redhat.com/downloads/|Redhat]] |
 +^ chinese | [[http://www.ylmf.org/|YLMFLinux]] | [[http://linux.deepin.org/|DeepinLinux]] |
 +^ unix | [[http://hub.opensolaris.org/bin/view/Main/|OpenSolaris]] | [[http://www.openbsd.org/|OpenBSD]] | [[http://www.freebsd.org/|FreeBSD]] | 
 +
 +History of Linux video: [[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVTWCPoUt8w&feature=channel|Origin of Linux]]
 +
 +  * Ubuntu
 +    * A deb based Linux, with good gui design
 +  * Debian
 +    * A deb based Linux, with good compatibility for a lot of hardwares
 +
 +  * OpenSuse:
 +    * A rpm based Linux, with good gui design, designed for Open Mind.
 +  * Redhat Enterprise Linux: 
 +    * A rpm based Linux designed for Enterprise
 +    * just register a account, and download the 30 day evaluate disk, it will work for ever but just you have to update the system manually or use fedora update system.
 +  * CentOS:
 +    * A rpm based Linux designed for Enterprise, like Redhat Enterprise Linux, but with free support
 +  * Fedora:
 +    * A rpm based Linux designed for personal, like Redhat, but with free support
 +
 +
 +
 +===== Linux install as whole system =====
 +  * Ubutu linux install guide: [[http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/download|official guide]]
 +===== Linux install as dual boot with Windows =====
 +  * dual boot Win 7 with Linux (Win 7 install first, Win7 boot control): [[http://thpc.info/dual/win7/dualboot_win7+fedora13_bcd_on_win7.html|guide with Fedora as example]]
 +    * Note: "Create Custom Layout" during Linux install's Partition Setup step is the key step, so the guide applied to all linux distribution editions.
 +  * dual boot Linux with Win 7 (Linux install first, Linux boot control): [[http://apcmag.com/how_to_dualboot_vista_with_linux_linux_is_already_installed.htm|guide with Vista/Ubutu as example]]
 +    * Note: there are more related guides in above article links
 +
 +===== Linux distribution - Ubuntu =====
 +Ubuntu website: http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop
 +==== LTS version vs lastest version ====
 +  * LTS (Long term support) version like Ubuntu 10.04 has constant fix for a single version, good for company or fix system that require system constancy for a long time.
 +  * latest version always gets new features and rebuilt of all the system, good for users don't like constantly fix things, a new version of Ubuntu is like a re-install of new system for refreshment and speed.
 +
 +
 +===== Post install and Setup (Ubuntu-based) =====
 +
 +  - check driver install and device recognized
 +    - System menu > Admin > Additional Drivers (it will auto detect)
 +    - check recognized devices <code bash>lspci -vvnn</code>
 +  - Ethernet and Wireless connection setup
 +    - check network devices enabled <code>rfkill list all
 +# 0: dell-wifi: Wireless LAN
 +# Soft blocked: no
 +# Hard blocked: no
 +# 1: hci0: Bluetooth
 +# Soft blocked: no
 +# Hard blocked: no</code>
 +    - normally Ethernet works out of box but plug in cable and wait
 +    - if wifi is disabled (if above shown as Blocked: yes), run this in terminal <code>rfkill unblock wifi
 +# reference: http://vikashazrati.wordpress.com/2011/02/10/ubuntu-10-10-network-adapter-shows-wireless-disabled/
 +</code>
 +  - create folder with all user permission under "root /" <code>sudo mkdir /your_folder_name
 +sudo chmod 777 /your_folder_name</code>
 +  - connect to remote windows share network folder
 +    - go Places menu > Connect to Server, (username on windows, WORKGROUP domain, password)
 +    - if not working, run <code bash>sudo apt-get upgrade samba-common-bin</code>
 +  - share local folder to network
 +    - if the sharing option on folder not working, run <code bash>sudo apt-get upgrade samba-common-bin</code>
 +    - pending
 +
 +===== Application - Common =====
 +
 +  - Open JRE (Jave for linux)
 +  - Eye of Gnome (Ubuntu image viewer)
 +    * install "eog-plugins" and reboot
 +    * [[http://live.gnome.org/EyeOfGnome/Plugins|create custom plugin]]
 +
 +
 +====== Common task and tools ======
 +
 +===== Network related task =====
 +
 +  * List open ports in linux <code>lsof -i</code>
 +    * ref: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-do-i-find-out-what-ports-are-listeningopen-on-my-linuxfreebsd-server/
 +
 +  * list rules for linux firewall <code>sudo iptables -L -n -v</code>
 +  * add rules to allow port connection in linux firewall <code>sudo iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT</code>
 +===== backup and restore tool =====
 +  * [[http://www.opbyte.it/grsync/|Grsync]]
 +  * [[http://backintime.le-web.org/|Back in Time]]
 +  * [[http://freshmeat.net/projects/deja-dup|Deja Dup]]
 +
 +
 +
 +====== Common Function install and customize ======
 +
 +===== Input method =====
 +===== Chinese input method install=====
 +  - (ubuntu 10.04) System menu > Preference > IBus Preference (click ok for pop-up)
 +  - General Tab : show icon in system tray 
 +  - Input method : select an input method > Chinese > 拼 pinyin
 +    - (if it is not there) go to Ubuntu Software Center : search "chinese pinyin"
 +    - select and install "pinyin engine for ibus"
 +    - restart computer, or relogin to activate that new feature
 +
 +===== Japanese input method install=====
 +  - (ubuntu 10.04) System menu > Preference > IBus Preference (click ok for pop-up)
 +  - General Tab : show icon in system tray 
 +  - Input method : select an input method > Japanese > anthy
 +    - (if it is not there) go to Ubuntu Software Center : search "anthy"
 +    - select and install "input method for japanese - backend,dict"
 +    - restart computer, or relogin to activate that new feature
 +
 +====== Linux customize for efficiency ======
 +bash(with linux binary tool) + Gnome/KDE/other built-in hotkey manager
 +
 +
 +====== Services and Function addon for Linux======
 +
 +===== Hostname / Computer name change =====
 +Change all the old computer names in following files
 +<code bash>sudo vi /etc/hostname
 +sudo vi /etc/hosts
 +</code>
 +ref: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2011/03/change-hostname-computer-name-ubuntu-11-04-natty/
 +===== VNC server and client =====
 +  * built-in VNC server - Remote Desktop (Ubuntu)
 +    * System > Preference > Remote Desktop
 +
 +===== SSH server and client =====
 +  * built-in SSH client in all Linux
 +  * ssh server in Ubuntu
 +    - check if sshd is already installed <code bash>service --status-all</code>
 +    - install openSSH server <code bash>sudo apt-get install ssh</code> [[http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/ubuntu/setup-openssh-server-on-ubuntu-linux/|reference]]
 +    - connect with [[http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html|PuTTy]] in Windows <code dos>putty.exe [-ssh | -telnet | -rlogin | -raw] [user@]host</code>
 +
 +
 +===== Linux Sharing Feature =====
 +
 +Tips on how to share Folder on Linux. 
 +
 +==== share folder ====
 +
 +Note: to securely share a folder, you need have a account of that computer. 
 +
 +  * right click on that folder, click "Property"
 +    * under "Sharing" tab
 +      * check "Share this folder", (give a share name that appears on network)
 +      * Note: if you want to others who don't have a user account on this computer to access this shared folder
 +        * check "Guest access", if you want other to modify, then check "Allow others to create"
 +  * To access the share folder from other computer under same local network,
 +    * (Windows) press "Windows key + R", then type %%"\\the_computer_name_or_ip\shareFolderName"%%
 +    * (Mac) go to Finder > Go menu > Connect to Server > at the dialog, enter %%"smb://the_computer_name_or_ip/shareFolderName"%%
 +    * (Linux - Ubuntu) Places menu > Connect to Server, choose "Windows Share", type ip address, connect 
 +
 +
 +FAQ: 
 +  * You may receive a message which says Sharing services are not installed. If this happens, ensure that the two checkboxes in the message box are checked and press Install services. Sharing service support will then be downloaded and installed; this may take a while.
 +
 +Ref: https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/internet/C/networking-shares.html
 +
 +====== FAQ - Problem and Solutions ======
 +
 +===== (ubuntu) "unlock your login keyring" prompt =====
 +
 +  * "Enter password to unlock your login keyring" prompt after automatic login and get rid of it for auto connect secured wireless point on boot
 +    -  Keyring is Gnome's password management tool, like Mac OS X's keychain or Firefox password remember function
 +    - (since you choose automatic login, secure is not a problem) then choose no master password for your keyring, (default is your login password)
 +    - to remove the keyring password, just go to System/Preferences/Passwords and Encryption Keys, right-click the "Passwords:login"-keyring and select "Change Password", to a blank password
 +
 +reference: 
 +  * http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1623347
 +  * http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-newbie-8/login-keyring-824099/
 +
 +
 +====== Windows App for talking to Linux ======
 +
 +  * [[http://www.diskinternals.com/linux-reader/|DiskInternals Linux Reader]]: reader for Ext2/3/4, HFS format disk
 +  * [[http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html|Ext2 IFS]]: reader and writer for Ext2/3 format disk
 +  * [[http://www.mediafour.com/products/macdrive|Mediafour’s MacDrive]]: reader and writer for HFS format disk (not free)
 +
 +Linux can natively read and write on NTFS, FAT format disk. \\ 
 +Mac can natively read NTFS, and read and write on FAT format disk. \\ 
 +Mac can use ntfs-3g tool to write on NTFS disk, but not recommended, as it's slow and unstable.
 +
 +**Webcam and Chatting app**
 +  * Cheese webcam booth (webcam booth)
 +  * Skype (video chat)
 +
 +
 +**Browers and Networking app**
 +
 +  * Firefox
 +    * install flash from http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/, and choose "APT for Ubuntu"
 +  * [[http://www.opera.com/browser/|opera linux]]: prefer tar.gz format for portable opera
 +    * download [[http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/|flash player tar.gz package]]
 +    * copy libflashplayer.so to $OperaAppDir/lib/opera/plugins
 +    * add $OperaAppDir/lib/opera/plugins to Opera plugin-loading path setting
 +      * Opera preference (ctrl+F12) > Advanced tab > Content section > plug-in options button > Change path... button > Add .. button, to add the $OperaAppDir/lib/opera/plugins
 +    * restart opera and done
 +
 +notes: \\ 
 +opera and most linux applications load ".so" file like ".dll" in windows, and most ".so" type plugins are packed into one single ".so" file, by define the loading path and loading configuration, the application should auto-detect it and load it and use it as needed.
 +
 +**Video Production Linux app**
 +  
 +  * need to update
 +
 +  * Auteur Non-Linear Editor, a professional-grade but user-friendly video editor
 +    * download: http://auteur-editor.info/
 +  * KDEnLive, an intuitive and powerful multi-track video editor 
 +    * download: http://www.kdenlive.org/
 +    * tutorial: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZVsL1SSuGs
 +  * OpenShot, Easily add sub-titles, transitions, and effects, and then export your film to DVD, YouTube, Vimeo, Xbox 360, and many other common formats
 +    * download: http://www.openshotvideo.com/
 +
 +====== Wine, run win app on linux ======
 +
 +  * check what wine you installed: <code>
 +wine --version
 +
 +# check wine system bit, if you see Program Files (x86), then it is 64bit system
 +wine cmd
 +c:
 +dir
 +
 +</code>
 +  * note: wine 64 system can only run 64bit app, win32 app will error "bad exe format"
 +====== Additional Graphs helping understand Linux ======
 +
 +{{:techwiki:linux:linux_kernel_map.png|}}
 +
 +
 +