This page contains Bash cmd info in general, and specific binary tool command in Mac and Linux.
====== Bash profile ======
user profile located at : <code bash>~/.bash_profile</code>

edit user profile environment variable in the bash profile:
  * display: <code bash>echo $PATH</code>
  * display with escape <code bash>echo \$PATH</code>
  * display raw text: <code bash>echo '$PATH'</code>
  * display with variable: <code bash>echo "Path is $PATH"</code>
  * display block of text: <code bash>echo << EOF
Block of text here
Text for $PATH
EOF</code>
  * display block of raw text: <code bash>echo << "EOF"
Block of text here
Text Again but no $PATH
EOF</code>
    * ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here_document
  * session based variable set:<code bash>path=/myPath:$PATH</code> 
  * permanently change to path in profile file:<code bash>export PATH=/myPath:$PATH</code>

Note: by adding your_Path_To_3rd_Party_Binary to the $PATH variable, you can directly call them in terminal.

**My linux bash profile code**

<code bash>
# User specific aliases and functions
alias fx='cd ~/App/firefox;./firefox'
# refresh fx installation
alias fxnew='cd ~/App;rm -r firefox;tar xjvf firefox-91.9.1esr.tar.bz2'
</code>
====== Bash tips ======
  * find path to a command file <code bash>which ls</code>
  * escape by "\"
  * create a txt file <code bash>echo "hello" > text.txt</code>
  * create a empty file or update a file <code bash>touch empty.txt</code>
  * append to a txt file <code bash>echo "127.0.0.1\thome" >> /etc/hosts</code>
  * create a symbolic link <code bash>ln -s ~/real_dir ~/Desktop/alias_name</code>
  * make folder accessible to all <code bash>sudo chmod 777 /your_folder_name</code>
  * batch file rename<code bash>
for i in *.JPG ; do mv $i ${i/-[0-9.]*.JPG/.JPG} ; done
</code>

  * Vi text editor <code>
vi
# cmd mode
#  i : enter text edit mode
#  dd: delete line
#  x : delete a char
#  w : write file wq: save & quit
#  q : quite q!: quit without save
# edit mode
# esc: back to cmd mode
# ':':enter cmd mode
</code>

^ shortcut ^^
| ctrl + z | suspend | 
| ctrl + a | goto cmd line start |
| ctrl + e | goto cmd line end |

Full bash terminal shortcuts: http://www.shell-tips.com/2006/10/29/working-quickly-with-some-usefull-bash-shortcuts/

^ quick list ^^
| man | manual, q:quit man; space: next |
| ls | ls -la: long list directory; ls -sh: list size human read | 
| cp | cp -R: recursive copy directory |
| mv | move file |
| rm | rm -R: recursive delete directory |
| mkdir | make directory | 
| source | source a shell script file | 
| %%|%% | pipe prev cmd to next cmd |
| cmd& | run cmd background |
| clear | clear screen |

====== bash - computer management: user, admin, network ======
<code bash>
# check users: w, who, users
#
#<----------------------------------->
# ifconfig
wifi(){
	#os x version
	ifconfig en1 | grep 'inet ' | cut -d ' ' -f 2
	# linux version
	# ifconfig en1 | grep 'inet addr:' | cut -d: -f2 | awk '{ print $1}'
}

#<---------------------------------->
# kill

# kill by name
alias kbn=ka;
ka(){
for X in `ps acx | grep -i $1 | awk {'print $1'}`; do
  kill $X;
done
}
alias ki='ka itunes'
</code>

====== bash - file operation ======
<code bash>

#<---------------------------------->
# ls

lss(){
ls -R | grep ":$" | sed -e 's/:$//' -e 's/[^-][^\/]*\//--/g' -e 's/^/ /' -e 's/-/|/'
}

lsss(){
ls -trR
}

# ls -file tools
# ref: http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2009/07/linux-ls-command-examples/
alias a='ls'
alias aa='ls -AF'
alias aaa='ls -lF'
alias ll='ls -lF'
alias lt='ls -ltF' # by time
alias lt.='ls -ltrF' # by time reverse
alias lsB='ls -S'
alias lsS='ls -Sr'
alias lh='ls -lhF'
alias l='ls'
alias ld='ls -d */'
alias 1='ls -1F'
# find and remove all
# sudo find * -type d -name .svn -exec rm -rf {} \;
#
#<--------check md5-------------------------->
md5(){
openssl md5 "$1"
# tip: quote $1
}

# print directory structure

graph(){
set `pwd`
set `basename $1`
ls -FR>~/Desktop/$1.txt
}

# clean ._mac file
#find . -name ._* -exec rm '{}' 

# advanced sys function


uflat(){
find . -not -type d -print0 | xargs -0J % mv -f % .
find . -type d -depth 1 -print0 | xargs -0 rm -rf
}

# replace text; usage: urep \[array of file] [find] [replace]
urep(){
for i in $1; do j=`echo $i | sed 's/$2/$3/g'`; mv "$i" "$j"; done

#for i in *.txt; do j=`echo $i | sed 's/2010/2011/g'`; mv "$i" "$j"; done
}
urep2(){
rename 's/$2/$3/' $1
}

# rename prefix; usage: upre/upost \[array of file] [pre/post]
upre(){
for i in $1; do mv "$i" $2."$i"; done
}
upost(){
for i in $1; do mv "$i" "$i".$2; done
}

# switch ext; usage: uext \[array of file] [old ext] [new ext]
uext(){
for i in $1; do mv "$i" "${i/.$2}".$3; done
}
uext2(){
for i in $1; do mv "$i" "`basename $i .$2`".$3; done
}
uext3(){
rename 's/\.$2/\.$3/' $1
}

# rename case switch; usage: ucase \[array of file]
ucaseUnix(){
rename 'y/A-Z/a-z/' $1
}

# clean space in name; usage: uclean \[array of file]
ucleanUnix(){
rename 's/ //' $1
}

# working (test)
# add date to pre/post; usage: udate \[array of file] [pre/post] [ext]
udate(){
if [ $2 ] && [ $3 ]; then
	if [ $2 == "e" ] || [ $2 == "b" ] || [ $2 == "p" ] || [ $2 == "post" ]; then
		for i in $1
			do mv "$i" "${i/.$3}".`date '+%Y-%m-%d'`.$3
		done	
	fi
else
	for i in $1; do mv "$i" `date '+%Y-%m-%d'`."$i";done
fi
}

</code>

Get running script directory
<code bash>#!/bin/bash
echo "The script you are running has basename `basename $0`, dirname `dirname $0`"
echo "The present working directory is `pwd`"
</code>

  * get file list <code bash>find *.jpg #find all jpg in fold</code>
  * rename find list <code bash>for i in `find *v10*.jpg`; do j=`echo $i | sed 's/v10/v010/g'`; mv "$i" "$j"; done 
# for each file, generate new name, replace old name with new name</code>
====== bash - utility ======

===== grep =====
  * get lines contains word A <code bash>grep wordA sample.txt</code>
  * ignore case <code bash>grep -i wordA sample.txt</code>
  * match exact word <code bash>grep -w wordA sample.txt</code>
  * inverse selection, lines without word A <code bash>grep -v wordA sample.txt</code>
  * count <code bash>grep -c wordA sample.txt</code>
  * line number <code bash>grep -n wordA sample.txt</code>
  * list file <code bash>grep -l wordA *.txt</code>

  * Pattern
    * ^wordA: line starts with wordA
    * wordA$: line ends with wordA
    * ^$: blank line
    * [set]: match one from set [0-9][A-Za-z] [abc] [x-z]
    * [:class:]: match one from class [:alnum:] [:alpha:] [:blank:] [:digit:] [:lower:] [:upper:] [:space:]
    * escape: \
    * .: any char
    * \< \>: begin/end of word
    * wordA|wordB: wordA or wordB
    * {n}: how many times appera in line {min,max}
    * ?: at most once
    * *: none to unlimited
    * +: at least once
    * ^: inverse range; begin of line

ref:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-use-grep-command-in-linux-unix/

===== sed =====

line editor
<code bash>sed '/range/s/find/replace/g' <input >output
# same with _
sed '/range/ s_find_replace_g' <input >output
#line range ^start, $end
sed '1,100 s/find/replace/'
</code>

remove all comments in bash script
<code bash>sed '/start/,/stop/ s/#.*//'</code>

ref: http://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Sed.html#uh-0

===== awk =====
awk is a words grabber, like grep for lines grabber

ref: http://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Awk.html


===== Vi =====
<code bash>
# vi
# --- change current line to lower case
# :s/.*/\L&/

# -- set file ending with DOS or Unix
# :set ff=dos or :set ff=unix

# -- mass converting dos<->unix
# vim +"argdo set ff=<format>" +wqa <files>
</code>


====== Mac specific binary tool ======
An A-Z Index of the Mac OS X command line : http://ss64.com/osx/

enable root on mac : http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1528

  * osascript <code applescript>osascript theScript.scpt</code>
  * open : open cmd opens every thing, like "start" in DOS

===== mac specific cmd - disk related operation =====

  * mount smb share folder (Windows,Linux,Mac share folder by SMB) <code bash>
if [ ! -d /Volumes/me ]; then mkdir /Volumes/me; mount_smbfs //username@PCNAME/shareFolderName /Volumes/me; fi
</code>
  * Dmg file creation and convertion <code bash>
# make an DMG image name $2 from folder called $1
dmgF(){
echo "CMD: hdiutil create -srcdir \"$1\" $2.dmg"
hdiutil create -srcdir "$1" "$2.dmg"
}

# make an ISO image named as $2 from folder called $1
isoF(){
hdiutil makehybrid -iso -o "$2.iso" "$1"
}

# burn DMG file $1
burn(){
hdiutil burn $1
}

# create a DMG file with size $1 MB named as $2
dmg(){
hdiutil create -size $1m $2.dmg -fs HFS+ -volname $2
}

# convert DMG file of $1 to an ISO image file
dmg2iso(){
hdiutil convert $1.dmg -format UDTO -o $1.iso
}
</code>
  * other disk related cmds <code bash>
################################

# force reject disk
#drutil tray open
#drutil eject

#<---------------------------------->
vo(){
cd /Volumes/"$1";.
}

#<---------------------------------->
# dd function for disk dump
#
# dd back cd
# dd if=/dev/disk1 of=myDVDcopy.img bs=2048
# dd if=/dev/disk1 of=dvd.iso

# dd backup disk
# dd bs=512 if=/dev/rXX# of=/some_dir/foo.dmg conv=noerror,sync
# dd bs=512 if=/dev/rdisk2s3 conv=noerror,sync | gzip -9 > foo.dmg.gz

# file rescue
# dd bs=512 if=/Volumes/HD1/badfile.mpg of=/Volumes/HD2/newrecoveredfile.txt conv=noerror,sync

# back and split
# dd if=/dev/hda# | gzip -9 | split -b 4096m /dev/sda#/somedir/macosx
# cat
# cat /dev/sda#/somedir/macosx* | gzip -d | dd of=/dev/hda# 

# list disk and device
# disktool -l
# df -k
# diskutil list


#<---------------------------------->
# disktool
eject2 () {
/usr/sbin/disktool -e $(df | grep $1 | awk '{print $1}' | sed 's/\/dev\///')
}

eject(){
eject2 /Volumes/$1
}

#<---------------------------------->
# tar
#create tar
#tar -czvf MyArchive Source_file 
#tar --create --gzip --verbose --file=MyArchive Source_file
#extract tar
#tar -xzvf MyArchive Source_file 
#tar --extract --gunzip --verbose --file=MyArchive Source_file

#tar xjvf filename.tar.bz2

#tar -pvczf BackUpDirectory.tar.gz /path/to/directory
#tar --exclude=".*" -pvczf BackUpDirectory.tar.gz /path/to/directory
#tar -xvzf filename.tar.gz -C /desired/path
tarp(){
tar -xvzf $1 -C $2
}
tard(){
tar czvf $1.$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).tgz $1
exit $?
}

#tar -czvf my_backup.$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).tgz source_file

# unrar x test.part1.rar

</code>
===== mac specific bash cmd - others=====
<code bash>
# convert to pdf
alias pdf2="/System/Library/Printers/Libraries/convert"
pdf(){
pdf2 -f "$1" -o "$1.pdf";
}
#<---------------------------------->
# man
function wman() {
   url="man -w ${1} | sed 's#.*\(${1}.\)\([[:digit:]]\).*\$#http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man\2/\1\2.html#'"
   open `eval $url`
}

xman() {
   url="http://bashcurescancer.com/man/cmd/"
   open $url$1
}
</code>

====== Linux specific binary tool ======

  * convert
    * convert image sequence into gif<code bash>convert -delay 50 -loop 1 render.*.jpg animation.gif</code>
    * convert big image into small tile parts <code bash>convert -crop 64x64 +repage big.tif small_%02d.tif</code>
    * convert several images into one big image horizontally or vertically \\ <code bash>convert +append 1.jpg 2.jpg out.jpg # horizontally
convert -append 1.jpg 2.jpg out.jpg # vertically
</code>
  * zip \\ zip a folder into a zip file <code bash>zip -9 -r myZipFile.zip myFileOrFolderName</code>
  * xwininfo \\ get window info
  * sha1sum \\ get sha1 sum of a file like md5
  * 7zip \\ 7z file opener <code bash># install or http://p7zip.sourceforge.net/
sudo apt-get install p7zip
# extract
p7zip e example.7z
# more ref: http://www.dotnetperls.com/7-zip-examples
</code>

====== Other 3rd Party tool ======
  * lame - convert aiff to mp3 <code bash>lame --r3mix -q0 --id3v2-only --tt \"[title]\" --ta \"[artist]\"
\"123.aiff\" \"123.mp3\"</code>
  * ffmpeg - convert image & video formats ([[http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg.html|ref]]) <code bash>
// convert image seq into avi
ffmpeg -f image2 -i seq.%04d.jpg -r 30 -s 640x480 -vcodec mpeg4 test.avi
  // -f: format; -i: input, %04d means 0001 like pattern; -r: framerate; -b:v video bitrate; -fs: file size limite; -s resolution; -vcodec: encode format

// get info
ffmpeg -i video.avi


// img seq to video
ffmpeg -f image2 -i image.%04d.jpg video.mpg
// ref: https://ffmpeg.org/trac/ffmpeg/wiki/UbuntuCompilationGuide
ffmpeg -r 8 -i frame.%04d.jpeg -vcodec libx264 -vpre medium -crf 24 -threads 0 -s 640x480 output.mp4

// video to img seq
ffmpeg -i video.mpg image.%04d.jpg

// video to iphone mp4 or psp
ffmpeg -i source_video.avi -acodec aac -ab 128kb -vcodec mpeg4 -b 1200kb -mbd 2 -flags +4mv+trell -aic 2 -cmp 2 -subcmp 2 -s 320x180 -title X final_video.mp4

ffmpeg -i source_video.avi -b 300 -s 320x240 -vcodec xvid -ab 32 -ar 24000 -acodec aac final_video.mp4

// save sound
ffmpeg -i source_video.avi -vn -ar 44100 -ac 2 -ab 192 -f mp3 sound.mp3

// wav to mp3
ffmpeg -i son_origine.avi -vn -ar 44100 -ac 2 -ab 192 -f mp3 son_final.mp3

// mpg to avi, avi to mpg
ffmpeg -i video_origine.avi video_finale.mpg
ffmpeg -i video_origine.mpg video_finale.avi

// video to gif
ffmpeg -i video_origine.avi gif_anime.gif

// add souble
ffmpeg -i son.wav -i video_origine.avi video_finale.mpg

// video to flv
ffmpeg -i video_origine.avi -ab 56 -ar 44100 -b 200 -r 15 -s 320x240 -f flv video_finale.flv

// video to dvd
ffmpeg -i source_video.avi -target pal-dvd -ps 2000000000 -aspect 16:9 finale_video.mpeg

// ogm to mpg
ffmpeg -i film_sortie_cinelerra.ogm -s 720x576 -vcodec mpeg2video -acodec mp3 film.mpg
</code>